Grinding machine



y 20, 1948- J. A. ELMES ET AL 2,

GRINDING MACHINE Filed Sept. 4, 1946 3.Sheets-Sheet l 0 I q) INVENTORS o m m i Q N 5S, a (\1 q; 01 m m m N m we? E ar/N50- 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 GRINDING MACHINE J..A. ELMES ET AL July 20, 1948.

Filed Sept. 4, 1946 HTTOENE 1 y 20, 1948- I J. A. ELMES ET AL 2,445,391

GRINDING MACHINE Filed Sept. 4, 1946 s Sheets-Sheet s 7 i 48 4; IA 4011 4 1" 42 I 4 INVENTORS Patented July 20, 1948 GRINDING momma John :A. ineawer Fall's, anti tlloward 1F.

-=Johnson, #Ellwoodfiity, Pa. ,assign orstoiwalter 0111' invention :relates sto zsuriaeing apparatus that is particularly suitable for use in grinding and polishing the inner wall surfaces ioi-ihollow artieles';sueh-.-as metal cups, cooking utensils and the dike.

.It has heretofore been common practice to grind the inner wall -.:surfaces of hollow articles by abrasive Wheels, but 'difliculty has been iexperieneed not --on1y in g-rinding "theasurfaces 1miformly, :but -there is rotten uneven g-rindin-g by reason of chunks of abrasive :material breaking on :the grinding wheel and getting 'caught between the wheel "and the -fwork thus=causlng ideep seore marks. Discolora-tion tofth'e metal may occur when the 1 grinding wheel becomes too greatly heated by the -=friotion. 7

Our invention for its object the :provision of ate-finding apparatns":that can 12.8 operated in aamanner ,to efiectgbetter iuni-formity or evenness of finish, and Play whieh 1 grinding operations can hereonducted WithigTBfiI-ETEI'QPiditY than by the use of abrasive wheels; and without; overheating.

-Briefly'stat.ed, our tinvie'ntion involves the use of an -abrasive belt, withsl'lpptirtmg and driving apparatus therefor, sci-arrangedithatmeltsofeconsiderable length can he uised even @in vessels of smaller diameter, thus *inot only z avoidin'g overheating of tth-e belt -by whet-grinding friction, but alsomaking-itunnecessary-to. changeibeltsas fre: quentlyas-woultl'hetmchasewith-themseaof short belts. Again -any. grains which-hefiome rloosened from-stile :beltwfl-l bersniaH and Willsnohadversels affect the grinding operation to a noticeable degree.

I-In :the -:aooompanying -drawings, Jigure i1 is 2a side -view of the :machine with ecertein of the parts :broken away orf- 'misection; Fi i2 iis a wiew of (the sleft-ihand end of Fig. 1-; ;Fi-g.:3 {is ea view takemon the :linej llIellI-of :Fig. 1, iandFi'gi ails a ;plan view of at 'por-tion of the =fapparatus i-of The: apparatus comprises a haseiiqte wliichra-re secured upright frame members- 6 and {1 at the front and tearendwthereof i respectively. A-pair of -?bars xthat serve ta's Ztraek rails as @well @as frame members are secured at theireends toithe uprights 6-'1. {Two pairs' of1bracket:-; arms are pivotally supported (on each or the :rails, ,-;the lowerends df'these armsheingcbnnected toeross heads ll by ;piv.ot :.pins t2 uponv which VZIOIIGF- carrying arms [3 ar.e;pi-vot-aily mounted =,1ntermediate their ends. 'The' lower remis oi theaarms :3 have nuts :14 mounted therein xfo'r :swireling movement and having: threaded-.r'eneaeementmith an :adjusting screw 5 k5 thatshas :sa?hand .-.i2vheel iii.

2 'mhecserew ti isarotatably'supported on :a depend ingilegeof themm'ss headiIJ and has its end portions reversely threaded with respeet'toione n other, so thattupon =zturning-qf the-serew, arms 5:113 Wi'115b8 'roekedetoward and i i-rem .oneva-nother ahoutitheirtpiyots J2, V

'fIheiar-ms {i=3 .at their upper "ends earify rollers I?! that serye :to-supporta yesse1 ;i 8.- that i m-e; groundeoniits 'innerigperipheral,surface. It will be seenithat turning; ofithe: sorew L5 will ,provideefor adjustment tor the workesunmrtil g $9 15 1 to utensils :o'i various tdiameters. I

The work piece I8 is h1d/ inr1tS-Qfi t Qn{like rollers ,lsl andarotatednhy .9 116 9 vd mg 2 2. t9 zthat tare imqunted 0nsha fts 21 which are journaled in hearingsj lo thatgarepearried by arrns 22 that are upiyotally mounted at 23 ion a :eross headrM. nnediostine sc e @1 h ng s he d wheel 2.6 rand Peein reverse threaded use its respective "ends zthreaded engagement with swiyellnutsifl ethat r earl-"ted by vthe arms 22, so qthat ithe aserew can :be urned %t o {more the uppereendsaof "the arms}? and-the sh ts} 3 warda'aridiawayifrom one angth er tothereby yary the spacing-between theifiyietionrolls i9 and=thi s adapt athem to work pieces of various: diameters. :Brackets ail]! and 23;! are FSGQltCd -;,to the pper and :lower j-Iends -;respe,eti vely ot the npright Guide i-posts 2532 1211111613 ar se ured :8 h; tends to 'zth'es'e ihraekets. electric motor 34,,is eaririedibytthe braket=:3l -;and-thro1igh aj'v-bel-t 3,5, and rpulleys 336 which idrives the shafts 121 belt ids maintained under tension by a Weighted pulley r3?! whose "weighted element :38 is rloqsely anmsiidably.:suppor-ted.onxthespqst{3;3.

The bracket or :tcross head 2.4 ts ;s1-idably..;snpported "onrthe ;a osts and .is moved-yertisally thereon zby z-ia piston :contained within a oylintler 1:39 thatthas v aipiston-rod 40 that iseen ne'et'edeto @the across 'z-head @124. :so t at when fluid pressure is' admitted JJOithB lower end Qfithez-cYliB- der E39; ithe rcross head 2,4, together with the roll shafts fl I ,rwillibe *raisedaandrthe rollers &9 hereby 'liite'd out .of eontactwv'ith:the=;wm2k D184 Ificlesired, fluidipressureaoan abe admitted't to the upiaereendidf the cylinder :39 5th; produce a-. d ow r1- wardiipullfon sth'e a cross ahead :24 and -;-to thereby hoiiifithe :rollers :19 rmore -=tightly tin en a ement mthithemtensil k8. tI-Iowevemthe weightgoi'zthe cross head and the shafts, togethermith-itheir assoeiatedt elements, may ibessufiicient :to provide adequaterfrictiorral: driving :foree of 1 the rollers 3 I 8 and :the zperipheral su face EQ the iss llse cross thread -:24 ;will, of eourse, \be .;raised to lifit the mailers lSli'clea-rpf the utensil -l8 :whenthe wheels 43 and 44 respectively. A shaft 45 is" journaled in a tube 45a that is mounted in the frame 40, and at its front end the shaft carries a driving pulley 45, for an abrasive belt 41. The shaft 45 is driven from the motor 4| by a belt 48.

A guide pulley for the sanding belt 41 is carried by a bearing arm 5| that has a depending leg 52 which extends into a slot in the carv riage 42 so as to maintain the axis of the pulley vertical. The bracket 5| is connected to a histon rod 53-extending from a cylinder 54 that is mounted on the frame 40. Fluid pressure is ad-. mitted' to the ends of the cylinder 54 to control the tension of the abrasive belt 41.

The abrasive belt 41 passes around a pair of guide pulleys 55 whose axis extends at right angles to both the axis of the pulley 50 and. the axis of the pulley 46. This necessitates a twist of the belt to planes which are perpendicular to each other. This arrangement permits the use of a relatively long abrasive belt for grinding the interiors of work pieces of even small diameters, such as small metal cups.

With the parts in the position shown in Fig. 1,

ready for a grinding operation on the work piece IS, the motor 34 will be set in motion to rotate the-rolls l9 and the work .piece, whereupon pressure will be admitted to the rear end of a cylinder 58 that has a piston 59 and a piston rod 60, the'rod 60 being connected to the carriage 42. As the carriage, together with the motor 4| and the belt-tensioning cylinder 54 moves forward, the driving pulley 45 and the abrasive belt will be'movcd longitudinally of the utensil Hi to grind or polish the same during its rotation by the rolls |9. When the pulley 46 has reached the bottom wall of the work piece I8, fluid pressure will be admitted to the lower end of a cylinder 52 that is supported by a bracket 62a, from the carriage 42,and has a piston and a piston rod 63 which will swing the rocking frame 40 a slight distance about its pivot 40a. This vertical movement need'be only a small fraction of an inch, so that the abrasive belt will not have engagement with the work piece l8 during withdrawal movement of the carriage.

' Control ofthe movements of the carriage is eifectedby a suitable valve device such as that shown at 64. As here shown, fluid pressure is supplied from a suitable source through a pressure line 65. The valvehas a port 66 which is brought into registry with the line for effecting movement of the carriage toward the work piece, this port in that position of the valve serving to direct the fluid flow through a pipe 51 that leads into'the rear end of the cylinder 58. At this time, exhaust from the front end of the cylinder will be through a pipe 68 and a port 69 in the valve. At'this time, there will be no pressure in th cylinder 62.

'To effect movement of the grinding belt out of the work piece, the valve 54 will be turned to a position at which the port 69 will bring the pressure line 65 into communication with a pipe H, the pipe 68 and a flexible pipe I2, the pipe 12 being flexible because the cylinder 62 is carried by the carriage 42 and the cylinder 58 is maintained stationary on the frame work 5-6-'|. At this time, pressure will, therefore, be supplied into the lower end of the cylinder 62 to tilt the frame 40 slightly and lift the belt 41 clear of the work piece, and the pressure thereby admitted through the pipe 68 will move the piston 59 and the carriage backwardly so as to withdraw the sanding belt from the work piece.

The apparatus is readily adaptable to utensils of various diameters because of the adjustability of the supporting rollers l1. These rollers will be adjusted by the screws |5 to such point that any utensil supported thereon will have its bottom-most point (at- X) in Fig. 2 in a definitelyspaced relation to the axis of the shaft 45. Therefore, the sanding belt can be held against the work with the same degree of pressure for all diameters of work pieces, or adjustments of the supporting rollers can be made to vary the grinding pressure. 1

We claim as our invention:

1. Apparatus for grinding interior surfaces of open-end hollow articles, comprising a sanding belt, a supporting member movable axially into I an article, a pulley mounted on the forward end of the supporting member, on an axis that is .parallel to the axis of the article, a sanding belt extending around the pulley and looped throughout a greater distance than the length of the article, means on the supporting member for guiding the belt through a path that extends around the pulley and thence parallel to the axis thereof and to a point exteriorly of the article when the supporting member is at its foremost position in the article, and means for driving the belt.

2. Apparatus for grinding interior surfaces of open-end hollow articles, comprising an abrasive belt, a pulley for the belt, mounted on the inner end of a shaft that extends parallel to the axis of an article to be ground, a second pulley for the belt, mounted on an axis that is transverse to the shaft and located adjacent to the outer end of the shaft, a guide member between the two pulleys in position to direct the belt in two relatively right angular paths, as it travels around the pulleys, a movable support for the pulleys and'said member, means for shifting the support axially of the article to move the first-named pulley along the inner surface thereof, and means for driving one of the pulleys during said movement.

3. Apparatus for grinding the interior surfaces of open-end hollow articles, comprising'a support for an article, a carriage movable axially of the article, a shaft on the carriage on an axis parallel to the axis of the article, a pulley on the forward end ofthe shaft, a second pulley on the carriage adjacent to the rear end thereof and having its axis at right angles to said shaft and spaced above the shaft, a sanding belt extending around the pulleys, a guide device for the belt, located on the carriage, in a plane intermediate the shaft and the second-named pulley, and means for driving the shaft, 1

4. Apparatus for grinding the interior surfaces of open-end hollow articles, comprising a support for an article, a carriage movable axially of the article, a shaft on the carriage onan axis parallel to the'axis of the article, a pulley on the forward end 'of the shaft, a second pulley on the carriage adjacent to the rear end thereof and having its axis at'right angles to said shaft and spaced above the shaft, a sanding belt extend-1 ing around the pulleys, a guide device for the belt, located on the carriage, in a plane intermediat the shaft and the second-named pulley, means for driving the shaft, means for rotating the article on its support, means for reciprocating the carriage axiall of the article, to move the first-named pulley into and out of the article, and means for lifting the shaft to move the sanding belt out of engagement with the article, preliminary to backward movement of the carriage.

5. Apparatus for grinding the interior surfaces of open-end hollow articles, comprising a support for an article, a carriage movable axially of the article, a shaft on the carriage on an axis parallel to the axis of the article, a pulley on the forward end of the shaft, a second pulley on the carriage adjacent to the rear end thereof and having its axis at right angles to said shaft and spaced above the shaft, a sanding belt extending around the pulleys, a guide device for the belt, located on the carriage, in a plane intermediate the shaft and the second-named pulley, means for driving the shaft, means for rotating the article on its support, means for reciprocating the carriage axially of the article, to move the first-named pulley into and out of the article, and means for lifting the shaft to, move the sanding belt out of engagement with the article, preliminary to back-- ward movement of the carriage, the support for the article comprising rollers which are tangentially adjustable on the lower peripheral surface of the article.

6. Apparatus for grinding the interior surfaces of open-end hollow articles, comprising a support for an article, a carriage movable axially of the article, a shaft on the carriage on an axis parallel to the axis of the article, a pulley on the forward end of the shaft, a second pulley on the carriage adjacent to the rear end thereof and having its axis at right angles to said shaft and spaced above the shaft, a sanding belt extending around the pulleys, a guide device for the belt, located on the carriage, in a plane intermediate the shaft and the second-named pulley, means for driving the shaft, means for rotating the article on its support, means for reciprocating the carriage axially of the article, to move the firstnamed pulley into and out of the article, and means for lifting the shaft to move the sanding belt out of engagement with the article, preliminary to backward movement of the carriage, the support for the article comprising rollers which are tangentially adjustable on lower peripheral surfaces of the article, and the articlerotating means comprising driven rollers that frictionally engage upper peripheral areas of the article.

7. Apparatus for grinding interior surfaces of open-end hollow articles, comprising end frame members, a pair of rails connecting the end members, a pair of arms pivotally connected to the rails adjacent to the forward ends thereof, rollers carried by the arms in position to serve as a supporting seat, for an article, means for adjusting said arms about their pivots, frictional driving rolls above the said rollers, in position to engage upper peripheral areas of an article, a carriage on the rails, adjacent to their rear ends and movable thereon toward and from an article that is positioned between the rollers and the rolls, a shaft projecting forwardly from the carriage and carrying a pulley on its forward end for entr into the article, a second pulley on the carriage, a sanding belt extending around the pulley, and means on the carriage for driving one of the pulleys.

8. Apparatus for grinding interior surfaces of open-end hollow articles, comprising end frame members, a pair of rails connecting the end members, a pair of arms pivotally connected to the rails adjacent to the forward ends thereof, rollers carried by the arms in position to serve as a supporting seat, for an article, means for adjusting said arms about their pivots, frictional driving rolls above the said rollers, in position to engage upper peripheral areas of an article, a carriage on the rails, adjacent to their rear ends and movable thereon toward and from an article that is positioned between the rollers and the rolls, a rocking frame on the carriage, a shaft projecting forwardly from the frame and carrying a pulley on its forward end for entry into the article, a second pulley on the frame, a sanding belt extending around the pulleys, means on the frame for driving one of the pulleys, means for reciprocating the carriage on the rails, and means for lifting the frame preliminary to backward movement thereof, to move the belt out of engagement with the article preliminary to backward movement of the carriage.

JOHN A. ELMES. HOWARD F. JOHNSON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 462,185 Wilson et a1 Oct. 2'7, 1891 1,192,950 Sumner Aug. 1, 1916 1,986,745 Oifutt Jan. 1, 1935 

